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Pulsatile Non-Newtonian Laminar Blood Flows through Arterial Double Stenoses
Mir Golam Rabby,Sumaia Parveen Shupti,Md. Mamun Molla
Journal of Fluids , 2014, DOI: 10.1155/2014/757902
Abstract: The paper presents a numerical investigation of non-Newtonian modeling effects on unsteady periodic flows in a two-dimensional (2D) pipe with two idealized stenoses of 75% and 50% degrees, respectively. The governing Navier-Stokes equations have been modified using the Cartesian curvilinear coordinates to handle complex geometries. The investigation has been carried out to characterize four different non-Newtonian constitutive equations of blood, namely, the (i) Carreau, (ii) Cross, (iii) Modified Casson, and (iv) Quemada models. The Newtonian model has also been analyzed to study the physics of fluid and the results are compared with the non-Newtonian viscosity models. The numerical results are represented in terms of streamwise velocity, pressure distribution, and wall shear stress (WSS) as well as the vorticity, streamlines, and vector plots indicating recirculation zones at the poststenotic region. The results of this study demonstrate a lower risk of thrombogenesis at the downstream of stenoses and inadequate blood supply to different organs of human body in the Newtonian model compared to the non-Newtonian ones. 1. Introduction Stenosis is characterized by localized arterial narrowing that is initiated due to deposition of lipid, cholesterol, and some other substances on the endothelium and is of major concern to most of the Western world. Atherosclerotic lesions preferentially occur in arteries and arterioles in regions of high curvature or bifurcations and junctions causing major changes in flow structure and consequently large changes in fluid loading on vessel walls [1]. Such plaques or arterial constrictions usually disturb normal blood flow through the artery and there is considerable evidence that hydrodynamic factors can play a significant role in the development and progression of these lesions. It has been established that once a mild stenosis is developed inside the arterial lumen, the resulting flow disorder further influences the development of the disease and the arterial deformability to some extent, which eventually changes the regional blood rheology as well [2]. The rheological behavior of blood can be identified by non-Newtonian viscosity. Halder [3] demonstrated that the rheology of blood and the fluid dynamical properties of blood flow can play an important role in the basic understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of many cardiovascular and arterial diseases. Now, stenosis not only develops in one position of artery but also it may develop at more than one location of the cardiovascular system. However, in many medical
Explicit upper bound for $\left|L(1, χ)\right|$ when $χ(2)=1$ and $χ$ is even
Sumaia Saad Eddin
Mathematics , 2015,
Abstract: Let $\chi$ be a primitive Dirichlet character of conductor $q$ and let us denote by $L(z, \chi)$ the associated $L$-series. In this paper, we provide an explicit upper bound for $\left|L(1, \chi)\right|$ when $\chi$ is a primitive even Dirichlet character with $\chi(2)=1$.
An asymptotic distribution for $\left|L^\prime/L(1,χ)\right|$
Sumaia Saad Eddin
Mathematics , 2015,
Abstract: Let $\chi$ be a Dirichlet character modulo $q$, let $L(s, \chi)$ be the attached Dirichlet $L$-function, and let $L^\prime(s, \chi)$ denotes its derivative with respect to the complex variable $s$. The main purpose of this paper is to give an asymptotic formula for the $2k$-th power mean value of $\left|L^\prime/L(1, \chi)\right|$ when $\chi$ ranges a primitive Dirichlet character modulo $q$ for $q$ prime. We derive some consequences, in particular a bound for the number of $\chi$ such that $\left|L^\prime/L(1, \chi)\right|$ is large.
Identifying Reading Preferences of Secondary School Students  [PDF]
Irshad Hussain, Parveen Munshi
Creative Education (CE) , 2011, DOI: 10.4236/ce.2011.25062
Abstract: The present study was conducted with the main purpose of identifying reading preferences of secondary school students and their related issues. The study was conducted on a total of 387 secondary school students of academic session 2010-12 in District Bahawalpur of Pakistan. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through questionnaire and interview schedule respectively by adopting survey method. The study concluded that secondary school students preferred to read books, magazines, poetry and other reading materials to get pleasure through edutainment, kill their leisure time during holidays and/ or at weekends and for their emotional gratification. The respondents preferred to read books on religion, literature, novels, magazines and story & romantic books. They were keen on reading newspaper, traveling story and scientific books, autobiographies and literature –poetry and drama. They faced problems in reading and setting their reading preferences like high costs of the books, context and circumstances, availability of books, time and their time management ability, examinations & academic workload, lack of guidance, personal interest, and their study circles or groups.
Integrated Approach of Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Geographical Information System (GIS) for Soil Loss Risk Assessment in Upper South Koel Basin, Jharkhand  [PDF]
Reshma Parveen, Uday Kumar
Journal of Geographic Information System (JGIS) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/jgis.2012.46061
Abstract: Soil erosion is a growing problem especially in areas of agricultural activity where soil erosion not only leads to decreased agricultural productivity but also reduces water availability. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is the most popular empirically based model used globally for erosion prediction and control. Remote sensing and GIS techniques have become valuable tools specially when assessing erosion at larger scales due to the amount of data needed and the greater area coverage. The present study area is a part of Chotanagpur plateau with undulating topography, with a very high risk of soil erosion. In the present study an attempt has been made to assess the annual soil loss in Upper South Koel basin using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) in GIS framework. Such information can be of immense help in identifying priority areas for implementation of erosion control measures. The soil erosion rate was determined as a function of land topography, soil texture, land use/land cover, rainfall erosivity, and crop management and practice in the watershed using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (for Indian conditions), remote sensing imagery, and GIS techniques. The rainfall erosivity R-factor of USLE was found as 546 MJ mm/ha/hr/yr and the soil erodibility K-factor varied from 0.23 - 0.37. Slopes in the catchment varied between 0% and 42% having LS factor values ranging from 0 - 21. The C factor was computed from NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetative Index) values derived from Landsat-TM data. The P value was computed from existing cropping patterns in the catchment. The annual soil loss estimated in the watershed using USLE is 12.2 ton/ha/yr.


Effect of Special Finishes on the Functional Properties of Cotton Fabrics  [PDF]
Kawser Parveen Chowdhury
Journal of Textile Science and Technology (JTST) , 2018, DOI: 10.4236/jtst.2018.42003
Abstract: This study demonstrated that the changes in functional properties of both woven and knit cotton fabrics were determined to evaluate the performance of different special finishes. Here, 100% cotton fabrics were treated with different types of finishing chemicals at different formulations. To assess the performance of different finishes on fabric properties, GSM, bursting strength, tensile strength, dimensional stability, absorbency, crease recovery angle with ASTM and AATCC methods were done. The results showed that the functional properties of the finished cotton fabrics both woven and knit depend to a great extent on the type of finish.
Impact of Different Water Repellent Finishes on Cotton Double Jersey Fabrics  [PDF]
Kawser Parveen Chowdhury
Journal of Textile Science and Technology (JTST) , 2018, DOI: 10.4236/jtst.2018.43006
Abstract: This study demonstrated that the variation in physical and chemical performance on cotton double jersey knit fabrics was decided by the knit structure, water repellent chemicals types and their concentration. Here, two types of double jersey fabrics were treated with different types of water repellent chemicals at different formulations to evaluate the performance of water repellent finishes on knit fabrics properties. The levels of water repellency of the fabrics were assessed by AATCC 127 hydrostatic head test method and by ISO 4920:2012 spray rating test method. To evaluate the performance of water repellent finishes on knit fabric properties, GSM, bursting strength test according to ASTM (D 3786-87) method, air permeability, color fastness to wash, water, perspiration, chlorinated water and color fastness to rubbing with ISO method were done. The results showed that both physical and chemical properties of the finished cotton knits, depend to a great extent on knit structure, the water repellent finish type and concentration to obtain water repellent fabrics with desirable properties.
EPIDURAL ANALGESIA IN LABOUR
SHAHIDA PARVEEN
The Professional Medical Journal , 2006,
Abstract: Introduction: In modern obstetrics, alleviation of labour pains bysimple, safe and effective means presents a unique problem. Epidural analgesia has emerged as a popular andrelatively safe option in this context. It requires injection of local anaesthetic agent into epidural space, which iscommonly approached through lumber intervertebral space. Objective: Aim of study was to determine effect of epiduralanalgesia on progress of labour and mode of delivery, to find out its complications in labour and puerperium and toevaluate neonatal out come in terms of apgar score. Setting: Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nishtar Hospital, Multan.Period: one year. Material and methods: Sample size: 50 patients. Results: Out of 50 patients, 4 (8%) were below20 years of age, 8 (16%) over 30 years of age and 17(34%) patients were 25-29 years of age. Highest percentage was21-24 years of age i.e. 21(42%) patients. 43 (86%) patients were primi-gravida, 2 (4%) patients had one spontaneousabortion and 5 (10%) patient were second gravida. Three (25%) patients (1-49 with 95% Cl) were induced for PIH withno evidence of coagulopathy and fetal compromise. Fifteen (30%) of patients (14-34 with 95% CI) required noaugmentation with oxytocin. In 29 (58%) of patients although duration less than 8 hours but labour was augmented withsyntocinon. In 2 (11% patients instrumental delivery was performed due to meconium stained liquor and persistentbradycardia. Highest percentage of patients 89% had instrumental delivery because of prolonged second stage.Conclusion: Epidural analgesia provides excellent pain relief in great majority of patients. Maternal fatigue and distresswith all of its ill effects on labour and puerperium is abolished.
CERVICAL RIPENING
Kausar Parveen
The Professional Medical Journal , 1998,
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of PGE2 pessary in the cervical ripening and to study its effect onother parameters of labour and delivery. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Maternity Unit II NishtarHospital Multan. SUBJECT: A randomized double blind trail of PGE2 pessary was carried out in patientsadmitted for induction of labour. MEASUREMENT AND RESULT: We looked at the change in Bishopscoring, induction delivery interval, mode of delivery and fetal outcome. Fifty percent of the patients whoreceived prostin E2 pessary went into labour before planned amniotomy while only five percent of thepatients receiving placebo did so. No significant difference was found in mode of delivery and incidenceof fetal distress between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The shortened induction delivery intervalfollowing pre treatment with PGE2 (3 mg) pessary.
COMPARISON OF PREVIOUS REPORTS IN INDOOR PATIENTS-A POTENTIAL TOOL FOR INTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE IN CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Parveen Bansal
International Journal of Bioassays , 2012,
Abstract: Laboratory testing is an important and integral part of the decision-making process and strongly influences medical diagnosis and therapies. Normally the extraneous results in a clinical report raise a doubt towards the quality assurance program of a laboratory. This communication is intended to highlight the potential use of previous reports of indoor patient in an indoor hospital laboratory as a tool for quality assurance. In this study approximately 10% of the doubtful reports were picked up randomly and the results were compared with the earlier reports of the patient retrieved from database. The study revealed that there was a significant reduction of more than 80% in the test repeats resulting in decrease in expenses on repeat tests (80%).There was a significant average reduction of time and human resource investment, decrease in the instrument working hours and increased workflow efficiency due to reduction in the test repeats. Moreover there was an increase in the confidence level of consultant towards quality control program and authenticity of the reports.
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